These attacks killed over 200 people. "A New Methodology for Romance Classification". With Lonely Planet's Ukrainian Phrasebook, let no barriers . If you speak Russian, you might be surprised at how much Ukrainian you understand. They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. Ekavian Chakavian has two branches Buzet and Northern Chakavian. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. The reason Macedonian appears not very intelligible to a Serbian speaker is because many basic words (be, do, this, that, where, etc) are completely different, however most of the rest of the vocabulary is similar or the same. Save. Mutually Intelligible And Different. Like a shits to o. Interesting article Your English is pretty much ok. Un- or fortunately, you are right about the thesis about Macedonian and Bulgarian. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. Serbs did not have the same language contact with the Macedonian language as Macedonians with Serbocroatian did. I will tell you also this: Im a speaker of Torlakian Serbian characteristically closer to Macedonian than Standard Serbian, having three (nom/acc/voc) cases and using a fusional instead of an analytic past tense and, with regards to a certain comment made two years ago on here, can, without issue, understand Zona Zamfirova, a movie about life in Ottoman Ni, without any subtitles. ", "Moldovan (limba moldoveneasc / )", "Experimental methods for measuring intelligibility of closely related language varieties", "Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe", Harold Schiffman, "Linguists' Definition: mutual intelligibility", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutual_intelligibility&oldid=1137818628, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2015, Pages with login required references or sources, Articles needing additional references from July 2022, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2015, Articles with self-published sources from April 2020, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kajkavian has higher mutual intelligibility with Slovene than with the national varieties of Shtokavian. This is also true of vocabulary and other aspects. If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). The more the better. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. True MI testing does try to find virgin ears that have heard little of the other language and speak little or none of it. Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. I would say that Macedonian is about 25% intelligible to a Serbian speaker that was never exposed to Macedonian. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. Page 183 section 481. It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. In the former Czechoslovakia, everything was 50-50 bilingual media, literature, etc. Russian has 85% intelligibility of Rusyn, 74% of oral Belorussian and 85% of written Belorussian, 60% of Balachka, 50% of oral Ukrainian and 85% of written Ukrainian, 36% of oral Bulgarian and 80% of written Bulgarian, 38% of Polish, 30% of Slovak and oral Montenegrin and 50% of written Montenegrin, 12% of oral Serbo-Croatian, 25% of written Serbo-Croatian, and 10% of Czech. 1993. To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. For example, Dutch speakers tend to find it easier to understand Afrikaans than vice versa as a result of Afrikaans' simplified grammar. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. Bulgarian more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. Which Language is Easier: Polish vs. Russian [An Overview] In addition, Balachka language associations believe it is a separate language. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. The more German the Silesian dialect is, the harder it is for Poles to understand. A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. I have no idea, what Sledva da se otbelei, e tova means. They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. On the one hand, Belarussian has some dialects that are intelligible with some dialects of both Russian and Ukrainian. Ukrainian, and Belarusian. . It is just a dialect in east Slovakia that westernd Slovaks (and Czechs) find harder to understand but it is not like they would not understand a word. (I will come to Bulgarian too). Nevertheless, the ISO has recently accepted a proposal from the Kajkavian Renaissance Association to list the Kajkavian literary language written from the 1500s-1900 as a recognized language with an ISO code of kjv. A Serb gave me this information. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. Czech: 10% Mutual intelligibility between languages can make learning them much easier. Also how much of Rusyn do Russians understand on a % basis? Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. I speak both Southern akavian and neotokavian. I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. cheers It is true that Czech is more urban and less folk and many Slovaks study in Czech republic. Slovene has some commonalities with the West Slavic languages. Everything else we chalk up to bilingual learning as we call it and we do not think it is accurate. Then she asked me to go do something useful, so this is all I can contribute with. Pronunciation is quite different, but all patterns are easy to catch. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. In terms of pronunciation, Ukrainian or Southeastern Yiddish can be considered to occupy an intermediate position between Northeastern and Central Yiddish. In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. Personally Im a Taoist in relation to 9/11, the middle way, you know? Although even if they stuck to Polish/Ukrainian, they'd probably still understand each other. LIFESTYLE Languages. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. My take on it is right here. The Lemko dialect of Rusyn has only marginal intelligibility with Ukrainian. A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? "The Linguistic Innovation Emerging From Rohingya Refugees." From the 1500s to 1900, a large corpus of Kajkavian literature was written. Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. And if you're perhaps a polyglot or linguaphile looking for a new challenge, then maybe learning a bit of Mandarin, Urdu, or even Persian might just be up your alley! I think Robert has done articles on 9/11 conspiracy theories and their level of crediblity, yeah. Therefore I would go with 25%. French has a reasonable degree of lexical similarity with Italian,Sardinian, Romansh, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, making it partially mutually intelligible with these languages. Bulharsk jazyk je plurocentrick jazyk m nkolik kninch norem. By the way, osnovnata (osnovna-ta) is related to the Czech word osnova (basis, outline). Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. At least not in general if so, it might depend on the school. Required fields are marked *. If youve studied one language, you may very well understand some of anotheror have a much easier time learning it. From a grammatical and morphological perspective, Ukrainian is closer to Russian: they both have East Slavic roots. Is Ukrainian Intelligible With Russian? - FAQS Clear Russian only has 60% intelligibility of Balachka. 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. But, as the goal of the OP was to debunk the myth that says every slavic speaker can understand each other, he is quite right on that. Ukrainian is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus (10th-13th century). These three languages have an 86% lexical similarity; that is, they share 86% of the same words. Reactions: So far there have been few reactions to the paper. The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. A western Slovak can even understand most of Ruthenians hen they are speaking. Similar things are also valid for Ukraine and Belarus, both of which were parts of the Soviet Union, where Russian was the dominant official language. non-Shtokavian dialects: Kajkavian, Chakavian and Torlakian) diverge more significantly from all four normative varieties. Kajkavian, especially the ZagorjeKajkaviandialect around Zagreb, is close to theStajerskadialect of Slovene. There is a big problem with this. This gives rise to claims of Macedonians being able to understand Serbo-Croatian very well, however, much of this may be due to bilingual learning. It is commonly believed that all Slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. For example, the varieties of Chinese are often considered a single language even though there is usually no mutual intelligibility between geographically separated varieties. Chakavian has 82% intelligibility of Kajkavian. Russia Invades Ukraine pt XII. http://www.izviestija.info/izviestija/, I was born in Canada to a Serbian family and speak Serbian so I am a good control as I was never formally educated in Serbian and its grammar. Accent is on last or penultimate syllable. Differences Between Czech Slovak And Polish: Easy Guide Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. Sorry I can`t give you percentage. I think (as a native Serbian speaker from south eastern Belgrade) the main difference between Serbian and Macedonian is that Macedonian doesnt have cases and have definite articles as well. The Russian language doesn't have a sound for " ." Ukrainian is a mostly phonetic language. When there, they have to pass a language test. I kind of like it though . It depends which dialect. I simply didnt know what for example word iskati (to seek) means when I first watched that movie, I was 14, I understand it from the context like I can understand Macedonian. Since then, Slovak has been disappearing from the Czech Republic, so the younger people dont understand Slovak so well. In fact, I would probably have a hard time to understand a Czech speaking with such an intonation. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? (. There are new scientific figures for Czech-Slovak, Czech-Serbo-Croatian and Czech-Bulgarian. Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages He is currently listed on the FBIs Most Wanted Terrorists list. From some reason, the Hutsul, Lemko, andBoiko dialects of the Rusyn language are much more comprehensible to Russians than Standard Ukrainian is. Thread starter Bamaro; Start date Feb 15, 2023 . I believe - Wikipedia It is often said that Ukrainian and Russian are intelligible with each other or even that they are the same language (a view perpetuated by Russian nationalists). Have every heard of Dubrovnik dialect? There is an old Kajkavian-Chakavian dialect continuum of which little remains, although some of the old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects are still spoken (Jembrigh 2014). FluentU brings a language to life with real-world videos. Likewise with Polish vs Czech, and Slovenian vs Standard Croatian (these pairs are the most commonly mistaken as mutually intelligible). Answer (1 of 11): Look, if you're Ukrainian you most likely already speak russian. Because so many Slavic languages are national languages, they tend to have pretty big populations. Russian on the other hand uses the Cyrillic alphabet. Ukrainians seems closer to Slovak than Russian but some words in Russian are almost exactly the same in Slovak but in Ukranian they are completely different. One more thing is that Serbian has, for example, two versions of the future case, with da (that) and verb in some person form, 1st in this case: ja u da radim (I will work) and ja u raditi where raditi (to work) is an infinitive. Get 70% off + 10 languages + 14 day free trial. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? Traditionally, dialects are regional variations of one main language. So here you have a case, when I could not understand everything, but I could grasp the meaning (at least). Feb 22, 2020. If you think this website is valuable to you, please consider a contribution to support the continuation of the site. 50% 40% of Silesian vocabulary is different from Polish, mostly Germanisms. Because of all of this, tokavian speaker has a hard time understanding fast talking akavian speakers. Finally, understanding mutual intelligibility gives you helpful insight into the history of a language. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. But islanders more often say Mi povidamo na nau or domau. I can read and understand a lot of Bulgarian in written form, its basically old slavic , many such words are simply obsolete or archaic in modern serbian, but i do get the gist of any written article. Kids speak both languages, as well as English, fluently. Portuguese also has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. demonstratives (tk~ovd vs. tuka~ovde, tamo vs. tamu) and some elementary adverbs (sg vs. sega now; jutre vs. utre tomorrow; dns(ke) ~ deneska today, fera vs. vera yesterday) are fairly similar; Ni Torlak uses multiple sets of demonstratives as its 3rd person pronouns (toj/ta/to/ti/te/ta, onj/on/on/on/on/on, ovj/ov/ov/ov/ov/ov, in descending order of frequency) as opposed to Serbians almost exclusive use of on/ona/ono/oni/one/ona and standard Macedonians use of toj/taa/toa/tie Polish Ukrainian Mutually Intelligible? | Animals - YouTube Polish uses Latin letters, just like English. All In The Language Family: The Slavic Languages - Babbel Magazine 12 Dec 2016 #221. Kajkavian has 82% intelligibility of Chakavian. Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. Email me and give me your name please and I will use you in the paper. The world's most difficult languages to learn The latter is heavily mixed with Shtokavian. do is the same verb (prim/pri/pri/primo/prite/pre vs. pravam/pravi/pravi/pravime/pravite/pravaat; as opposed to Serbian raditi) Languages can also be mutually intelligible only in spoken forms such as Polish and Ukrainian or only in written forms such as Icelandic and Faroese. (Jim Morrison). Ikavian Chakavian has two branches Southwestern Istrian and Southern Chakavian. Its spelling, however, is quite different from any of them. Slovenian speakers find it hard to understand most of the other Yugoslav lects except for Kajkavian Croatian. For instance, Portuguese and Spanish have a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, but theyre technically separate languages. How similar actually are Ukrainian and Polish? (Belarusian too) The intelligibility of Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is highly controversial, and intelligibility studies are in order. Mutual intelligibility among Slavic Languages | Antimoon Forum Im pretty sure things are identical in Belarus, if not worse afaik knowledge of Belarusian there is not too widespread in the first place. Being fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian gives you access to understanding more of other Slavic languages. Due to no prior exposure to Russian, I could not understand that language, other than a few words and expressions here and there. Often the two languages are genetically related, and they are likely to be similar to each other in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or other features. I can give you an example of how I can read Bulgarian: Just search for alternative Croatian or kaikavian lessons and you will find me, along witht he contact information. Donations are the only thing that keep the site operating. Balgarskijat ezik e pluricentrien ezik ima njakolko kniovni normi. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. I would hazzard to say that Polish and Czech languages are at minimum 50% Intelligible and comprehensible between Poles and Czechs (when spoken with normal pace ) and at least 60-70% . To deal with the conflict in cases such as Arabic, Chinese and German, the term Dachsprache (a sociolinguistic "umbrella language") is sometimes seen: Chinese and German are languages in the sociolinguistic sense even though speakers of some varieties cannot understand each other without recourse to a standard or prestige form. It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. Is Ukrainian more like . But they are unaware of the fact that islander have a lot of latin but also old Croatian (Slavic) words instead of Turkish which are used by supossedly more Croatian tokavian speaker. I have no problems understanding the Torlakian dialect. They are essentially speaking the same language. IOW, I think there are two languages Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. Written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Czech-Slovak languages - Wikipedia Russian speakers are also likely to understand some Bulgarian, along with other Slavic languages to a lesser extent. 99% of people in Ukraine are bilinguals who essentially speak and learn both Russian and Ukrainian from birth (although depending on the region, ones prevailence over the other varies). How this is measured varies, but mutual intelligibility and vocabulary overlap, and often play a role in these calculations. Now onto the discussion. Ukrainians and Belarusians understand each other's languages with no problem. Understanding the connection between mutually intelligible languages, can make it easier to learn an additional language. My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. I think that Russian has at least 89% with Belorussian, because I understand all speech in Belorusian. And when islanders respond back in akavian they are puzzled: What? Other factors that one has to keep in mind is recent (and not so recent, too) history and its linguistic implications on speakers for instance, Slovaks older that about 20 dont have much trouble understanding Czech because Czech was pretty intrusive if not dominant in official and intercommunal use in Czechoslovakia until its collapse. But which languages in the world are actually closest to . Young Czechs and Slovaks talk to each other a lot via the Internet. Three different methods were used: a word translation task, a cloze test and a picture task. Having lived in Moscow and being married to a Russian, I now speak Russian well enough to be mistaken for a Russian-speaking tourist from Poland or Lithuania when in Moscow. Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? This is simply reality in Serbia today. Mi priamo Hrvatski jezik in neotokavian. the interrogatives are much more similar (kda vs. koga when; kd~kud vs. kade where; to~kakv (second form is more characteristic of Bulgarian) vs. to what; koj/koja/koe/koi vs. koj/koja/koe/koi who/which/that (interr. Bolgarian 30 % spoken, 50 % written [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. pouv cyrilici, a bantsk norma, kter pouv latinku. Your email address will not be published. Serbs/Croats used to live in the south Poland and they moved south to the current location. Czechs see Slovaks as country bumpkins backwards and folksy but optimistic, outgoing and friendly. I am really sorry, but if you are speaking about science, you cannot just say. Mutual intelligibility with varieties of Serbo-Croatian is hindered by differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, Kajkavian being the most mutually intelligible. You are a smart guy. Nice to meet you, Robert; Ill make sure to read more of your articles now! Its vocabulary has lots of common words with all of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish, so it's sort of mutually intelligible with all of them. I confess to not being a linguist, and therefore didnt see past the problematic sentence Im Slovenian, my mother tongue is Slovenian, however I have also learnt Serbo-Croatian from a very early age. some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. About Slovak being two different unintelligible languages I highly doubt so. Huchon, Mireille, Histoire de la langue franaise, pages 214 and 223. Czechs hardly ever study at Slovak universities. Much like Nordic languages. Belarussian is nonetheless a separate language from both Ukrainian and Russian. Its also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Click here to get a copy. I could try. We found that Czech and Slovak have by far the highest level of mutual intelligibility, followed by Croatian and Slovene. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. The intelligibility of Czech and Slovak is much exaggerated. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. Ukrainian language | Britannica In addition, a Net search was done of forums where speakers of Slavic languages were discussing how much of other Slavic languages they understand. Croatian-Shtokavian is only a dialect of Serbian language. Pobrzajte in Serbian means (pourite) but I understand it because brzo means fast and prefix po also exists in Serbian, and the imperative form is the same. Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. What is the basis on which your Serbian friend said that? http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm Given that Polish and Russian belong to different groups under the same language family, we can deduce that these two languages share a lot of similarities but also have many differences. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. Russians, they usually need some adaptation time (and of course they need to be willing to try -- which is not always the case, since many Russians are monolingual and . http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia, http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings, http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm, http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view, http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8, https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9, https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA, Alt Left: Ukrainian Nazis Execute Two of Their Own Men for Refusing to Fight, The Conquest of Germany and Japan Never Ended, Protected: Post to Discuss All of the Various POIs and Theories in the Delphi Murders from the Crime to the Present, Protected to Avoid Libel and Character Assassination Part 10, NATO Helped the Ukrainians Fire All Those Drones at Russia, Including all the Way to Moscow, The Conquest and Destruction of Russia Project Goes Way Back to Post World War 2, The Jewish Conspiracy To Subject Humankind. That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. For instance, he and she in Standard Macedonia is toj and taa respectively, very close to Bulgarian toy and tya. 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. Linguistic distance is the relative degree of difference between languages or dialects. Can a Ukrainian understand Polish? (2023) - salnom.best Hello can I use your comments in a paper I am writing? While common speech from urban areas arent always mutually intelligible across regions, speakers from these regions can often use a more formal form of Arabic to speak with each other. However, Bulgarians claim to be able to understand Serbo-Croatian better than the other way around. Jeff Lindsay estimates that Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). However, the Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect in northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria and the Maleevo-Pirin dialect in eastern Macedonia and western Bulgaria are transitional between Bulgarian and Macedonian. Other then that difference is in grammar and accent. Look at this Polish girl: According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ac933fc62d348b183dfc4516edf000ec" );document.getElementById("b83dbe3da2").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Poles who know German and Old Polish can understand Silesian quite well due to the Germanisms and the presence of many older Polish words, but Poles who speak only Polish have a hard time with Silesian. It is important to note that the idea of this paper was try to test "pure inherent intelligibility." A pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a couple of things.
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