Among all adults, relative to the Delta-predominant period, COVID-19related illness was the primary reason for admission for a smaller percentage of hospitalizations (87.5% versus 95.5%, p<0.01), and median length of stay was shorter (4 versus 5 days, p<0.01) during the Omicron-predominant period; during this period, the proportion of patients admitted to an intensive care unit, who received invasive mechanical ventilation, and who died in-hospital decreased significantly (all p<0.01). Kharbanda, E. O. et al. RESP-NET: COVID-19 Associated Hospitalization Rates among Adults Ages 65 Years and Older CDC's Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RESP-NET) shows that overall weekly rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations have declined for all age groups from a peak in December 2022. CIDRAP - Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy In this analysis, we estimated the odds ratio (OR) of vaccination of mothers of infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 versus infants who tested negative using logistic regression models conditioned (stratified) on the calendar date of the test so that infants testing positive on a certain day were compared to infants testing negative on that same day. Wkly. All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. During the Delta dominant period, the crude incidences of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life were lower among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (0.75, 1.43, and 1.56 infants per 100 person-years [PY], respectively) than those whose mothers were not vaccinated during pregnancy (5.47, 5.10, and 4.78 infants per 100 PYs, respectively). COVID-19 incidence and death rates among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults with and without booster doses during periods of Delta and Omicron variant emergence25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4December 25, 2021. Pediatr. IMV status was missing in 1.4% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are otherwise included elsewhere in the analysis. Pregnant women were excluded because their reasons for hospital admission (4) might differ from those for nonpregnant persons. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Recently another study reported that the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against infections and hospitalizations among pregnant people was higher during the Delta period than during the Omicron period21. NEW YORK and MAINZ, GERMANY, March 1, 2023 Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) and BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX) today submitted an application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of a booster (fourth) dose of the companies' Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted bivalent COVID-19 vaccine in children 6 months through 4 years of age (also referred to as under 5 years). and statistical significance was assessed at two-sided p0.05. A WHO spokesman says China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. NHS Test and Trace statistics (England): methodology. Further information on research design is available in theNature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article. Compared with the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of unvaccinated hospitalized Black adults increased during the Omicron-predominant period. If SARS-CoV-2 test date was missing, hospitalization admission date was used. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Omicron and the vaccines: Your questions answered | AAMC This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the In-Hospital Prognosis of Patients Delta period: July 1, 2021December 18, 2021, reflects the time when Delta was the predominant circulating variant; Omicron period: December 19, 2021January 31, 2022, reflects the time when Omicron was the predominant circulating variant. All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The aim of the secondary design was to compare the results of the cohort with TND. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report: week 6. This is consistent with data showing the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results or death from COVID-19 is higher among unvaccinated adults and adults who have not received a booster than among those who have received a booster or additional dose (5). The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. CDC. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Models were adjusted for the covariates listed above. Thank you for visiting nature.com. During the study period, home testing became more prevalent. KPNC has a comprehensive electronic health record system (Kaiser Permanente HealthConnect, a customized EPIC system), that captures detailed information on all medical services, including immunization, membership enrollment including place of residence, demographics, and pregnancy-related care from pregnancy onset to delivery, and beyond. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. All other authors declare no competing interests. This is in keeping with the age profile. Arthur Reingold, Jeremy Roland, Ashley Coates, California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California; Breanna Kawasaki, Rachel Herlihy, Isaac Armistead, Madelyn Lensing, Jordan Surgnier, Sarah McLafferty, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment; Ann Basting, Tessa Carter, Maria Correa, Daewi Kim, Carol Lyons, Hazhia Sorosindi, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; Emily Fawcett, Katelyn Ward, Jana Manning, Asmith Joseph, Allison Roebling, Chandler Surell, Stephanie Lehman, Taylor Eisenstein, Suzanne Segler, Grayson Kallas, Marina Bruck, Rayna Ceaser, Annabel Patterson, Sabrina Hendrick, Johanna Hernandez, Hope Wilson, School of Medicine, Emory University, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Atlanta, Georgia; Jim Collins, Shannon Johnson, Justin Henderson, Sue Kim, Alexander Kohrman, Lauren Leegwater, Val Tellez Nunez, Sierra Peguies-Khan, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Kayla Bilski, Kristen Ehresmann, Richard Danila, Jake Garfin, Grace Hernandez, Kieu My Phi, Ruth Lynfield, Sara Vetter, Xiong Wang, Minnesota Department of Health; Daniel M. Sosin, Susan L. Ropp, Sunshine Martinez, Jasmyn Sanchez, Cory Cline, Melissa Judson, Florent Nkouaga, Mark Montoya, New Mexico Department of Health; Sarah Lathrop, Kathy M. Angeles, Yadira Salazar-Sanchez, Sarah A. Khanlian, Nancy Eisenberg, Dominic Rudin, Sarah Shrum Davis, Mayvilynne Poblete, Emily B. Hancock, Francesca Pacheco, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program; Yassir Talha, Celina Chavez, Jennifer Akpo, Alesia Reed, Murtada Khalifa, CDC Foundation, New Mexico Department of Health; Suzanne McGuire, Kerianne Engesser, Nancy Spina, Adam Rowe, New York State Department of Health; Sophrena Bushey, Virginia Cafferky, Maria Gaitan, Christine Long, Thomas Peer, Kevin Popham, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Julie Freshwater, Denise Ingabire-Smith, Ann Salvator, Rebekah Sutter, Ohio Department of Health; Sam Hawkins, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; Tiffanie Markus, Katie Dyer, Karen Leib, Terri McMinn, Danielle Ndi, Gail Hughett, Emmanuel Sackey, Kathy Billings, Anise Elie, Manideepthi Pemmaraju, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Amanda Carter, Andrea George, Andrew Haraghey, Ashley Swain, Caitlin Shaw, Laine McCullough, Mary Hill, Ryan Chatelain, Salt Lake County Health Department, Salt Lake City, Utah; Alvin Shultz, Robert W. Pinner, Rainy Henry, Sonja Mali Nti-Berko, CDC; Elizabeth Daly, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., Sadarangani, M. & Fanshawe, T. R. Prevalence and decay of maternal pneumococcal and meningococcal antibodies: a meta-analysis of type-specific decay rates. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. From Jan 1 to Mar 16, 2022, when Omicron was predominant, 4,781 (0.02%) of 19,473,570 booster recipients died of COVID-19, and 58,020 (0.3%) died of other causes. The state has administered 3.2 million vaccine doses since Dec. 1 alone, but lagging rates between full vaccination and first doses for adults especially (82.6% vs. 95%) are becoming a point of . According to the Ontario Science Table's online dashboard, the hospital occupancy rate for the unvaccinated was 611 per million unvaccinated people in the province's population as of Jan. 7,. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7112e2. N. Engl. Several conditions, including cancer of the blood or bone marrow and dementia, were associated with HRs greater than 3. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. . Article New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more severe disease and more hospitalizations, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. Percentages presented for the overall number are weighted row percentages. Most hospitalized children were unvaccinated, and nearly one in three were Black. Effectiveness of first and second COVID19 mRNA vaccine monovalent Wkly. Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis. The proportion of hospitalized adults who received booster or additional doses increased from 1.3% during the Delta-predominant period to 13.4% during the Omicron-predominant period (p<0.01)***; among these, 10.7% were long-term care facility residents and 69.5% had an immunosuppressive condition. Black adults accounted for 25.2% of all unvaccinated persons hospitalized during the Delta-predominant period; that proportion increased by 23%, to 31.0% during the Omicron-predominant period. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in calculations but are included in previous weeks. Most QCovid risk groups were tied to an increased risk of post-booster death, except congenital heart disease, asthma, and previous fracture. VE against hospitalization was not estimated because of the very small number of hospitalized cases. It's not clear which variant might have been associated with these hospitalizations. Weekly COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates among U.S. infants and children aged 0-4 years have declined since the peak of January 8, 2022; however, peak rates during Omicron predominance were approximately five times those of the peak during Delta predominance. All analyses were conducted using SAS software, v9.4. PLoS ONE 15, e0229279 (2020). The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer, Office of the Vice President for Research | Contact U of M | Privacy Policy, Mary Van Beusekom | News Writer | CIDRAP News, Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles. 41, e81e86 (2022). A free-text field for other types of residences was examined; patients with an LTCF-type residence were also categorized as LTCF residents. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. Buchan, S. A. et al. The researchers used the QCovid risk model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for clinical risk factors. *** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI = 2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. Wkly Rep. 71, 352358 (2022). Shimabukuro, T. T. et al. COVID-19 vaccination coverage among pregnant women during pregnancyEight Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-May 8, 2021. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021, Canadian public health case/contact testing was scaled back due to high infection rates with milder symptoms in a highly vaccinated population. First, COVID-19associated hospitalizations might have been missed because of hospital testing practices and test availability. 2022 The Authors. The vaccines have proved highly safe and effective at reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death. During the Omicron dominant period, maternal vaccination with at least two doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 43% (95% CI: 4, 69) during the first 2 months of life, 36% (95% CI:11, 55) during the first 4 months of life, and 41% (95% CI: 25, 53) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). On March 18, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. These trends could result in epidemic phase bias if infection severity is correlated with time from infection to test. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of PubMed However, in contrast with the Norwegian study which reported that infants of mothers who were vaccinated had a 33% decreased risk of testing positive during the first 4 months of life during the Omicron period17, our study found a 13% reduced risk that was not statistically significant. Clinical trends among U.S. adults hospitalized with COVID-19, March to December 2020: a cross-sectional study. Viruses | Free Full-Text | SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Canadian During the study period, the omicron variant experienced a rapidly increasing incidence, whereas the delta variant was experiencing a decreasing or less rapidly increasing incidence. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, OHalloran A, et al. The study setting was Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization that provides comprehensive healthcare to ~4.4 million members as of 2019. The report found that, during the omicron wave 6,743.5 per 100,000 unvaccinated people were contracting COVID-19 and 187.8 per 100,000 were hospitalized. In this design, we used Cox proportional hazards models with calendar days as the underlying scale to estimate hazard ratios and calculated vaccine effectiveness as 1 minus the hazard ratio. Morb. In this large study which included >30,000 infants, we found that receipt of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during their first 6 months of life. During the first 6 months of life, 940 (3.10%) infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and 10 (0.03%) infants were hospitalized with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. WHO/Europe | The Omicron variant: sorting fact from myth The study provides evidence that a previous omicron infection in triple-vaccinated individuals provides high amounts of protection against BA.5 and BA.2 infections. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, protection estimates greater than 90% might be too high if individuals with a previous infection were more likely than those without one to come forward for a test for reasons other than suspicion of COVID-19. Mortal. Vaccination offers the best way to protect against COVID-19 and its complications. The TND analyses avoid this bias by limiting the analysis to infants who were tested for SARS-CoV-2. Infect. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Vaccines: The CDC recommends that everyone age 5 and older get an updated covid booster shot. But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. The Spanish Health Ministry also publishes hospitalization data throughout Spain broken down by vaccination status, although in this case it is based on estimates: to calculate the number of unvaccinated in each age group, they subtract the number of vaccinated from the population in 2020.However, the target population will have grown since then, so it is possible that the ministry's . For infants, we included age, as a categorical time-changing variable in 30-day increments. We further classified vaccination status by the trimester within which the second dose or the unique dose (for those who received only one dose) was received. The increase in transmissibility of the Omicron variant might have amplified these risks for hospitalization, resulting in increased hospitalization rates among Black adults compared with White adults, irrespective of vaccination status. The difference between the two studies might be due to population characteristics and the timing of follow-up as ours went through May 31, 2022, while the Norwegian study ended in April 2022. Officials have received a growing number of reports of XDR Shigella, which is highly transmissible and resistant to commonly recommended antibiotics, in adults. COVID-19 hospitalizations look different in the Omicron wave, and PubMed During the proxy omicron period, we found a vaccine effectiveness of 70% (95% confidence interval . Risk was especially high for people with severe combined immunodeficiency (HR, 6.2). TN, NMF, SB, EV, SRS, DDA, and AMP developed the methodology. Pediatr. Thompson, M. G. et al. Only 16% of children between the ages of 5 and 11 are fully vaccinated, and that number climbs to just over 50% of adolescents between ages 12 and 17, according to CDC data . Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to Article Omicron Is Not More Severe for Children, Despite Rising Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed their primary vaccination series and received an additional or booster dose of vaccine on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after the completion of their primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator, and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). Rates are calculated using the CDC National Center for Health Statistics vintage 2020 bridged-race postcensal population estimates for the counties included in surveillance. In January 2022, unvaccinated adults and those vaccinated with a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, were 12 and three times as likely to be hospitalized, respectively, as were adults who received booster or additional doses. These persons are excluded from the proportions of race/ethnicity but are included in other analyses. These results suggest that in addition to providing protection against testing positive, vaccination during pregnancy also provides protection against hospitalization (severe disease) in infants during their first 6 months of life as previously reported recently18,19. Fully-vaccinated in this chart meant one dose of the J&J vaccine or two doses of Pfizer or Moderna. * Information on the impact that booster or additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines have on preventing hospitalizations during Omicron predominance is limited. Racial and ethnic disparities in rates of COVID-19associated hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital death in the United States from March 2020 to February 2021. Kids and Omicron: COVID Hospitalizations Soar Among NY Children - NBC The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5), was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose (45.0). Maryland did not contribute data after December 4, 2021, but did contribute data for previous weeks. Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates, including non-Hispanic Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. J. Med. Nat Commun 14, 894 (2023). NMF, SB, SFunk, ACG, DDA, and AMP acquired funding. Symptoms are abstracted from the medical chart and might not be complete. Klein, N. P. et al. NMF, MC, GD, DDA, AMP, and ST handled project administration. SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe illnesses and hospitalizations in children and infants2,3,4,5. However, we have no reason to expect a strong association between the absence of NHS number and SARS-CoV-2 variant. Adults whose vaccination status had not yet been verified using the immunization information system data were considered to have unknown vaccination status and were included in total proportions but not stratified by vaccination status. Author's reply, Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): the interim efficacy results of a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in India, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MRC Biostatistics Unit COVID-19 Working Group, Cases, hospital admissions, and hospital attendances in those with delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, between Nov 29, 2021, and Jan 9, 2022, Risk of hospitalisation and mortality for COVID-19 cases with omicron compared with delta, overall and by age group, Estimated HRs for vaccination categories, secondary analysis. These proportions are lower compared with 47.3% of White persons who received a primary series and 54.5% of eligible adults who received a booster dose. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, Black adults accounted for a larger proportion of unvaccinated adults during the Omicron-predominant period, and age-adjusted hospitalization rates for Black adults increased to the highest rate among all racial and ethnic groups for any week during the pandemic. Google Scholar. A recent study found that the mean titer of maternally derived antibodies in infants of vaccinated mothers were higher at age 2 months compared with antibody titers at age 6 months23. J. Med. Hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black adults increased more than rates in other racial/ethnic groups. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Gordon, N. & Lin, T. The Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult member health survey. During the Omicron-predominant period, hospitalization rates increased among unvaccinated persons and those who completed a primary series, with and without receipt of a booster or additional dose (Figure 2). ** Monthly incidence among adults who received booster or additional doses was calculated by summing the total number of COVID-19 patients with booster or additional doses hospitalized over all days of the month and dividing by the sum of adults with booster or additional doses in the underlying population for each day of the month. This method was also used for calculations in unvaccinated persons and those who received a primary series but not a booster or additional dose.. In all models, we used calendar days as the time scale to account for changes over time in SARS-CoV-2 circulation and vaccine uptake. Relative to unvaccinated hospitalized patients, hospitalized vaccinees were more likely to be older (median age, 70 vs 58 years) and to have at least three underlying conditions (77.8% vs 51.6%). Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. Vaccine effectiveness for 1 dose during the first 6 months of life was 68% (95% CI: 12, 88) (Table2). Dr. Klein reported receiving grants from Pfizer, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, and Sanofi Pasteur. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). Risk of hospitalization and vaccine effectiveness among COVID-19 Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Persons who received only 1 vaccine dose of a 2-dose series 14 days before the SARS-CoV-2 test date or had received a single dose of either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination series <14 days before the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were considered partially vaccinated and were not included in rates by vaccination status. ; COVID-NET Surveillance Team. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. B, Severe outcomes included hospitalization and death.
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