AP . In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. In total, of the approximately 2,000 SS men and women who ran the entire camp complex, 72 SS officers and six female overseers were brought to justice. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. She was 36. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. At the age of 24, she accompanied a death march of women from central Poland to Bergen-Belsen. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. Stutthof concentration camp 11 german Nazi SS guards - YouTube [38], In July 2021, a 96-year-old German secretary, Irmgard Furchner, who had been part of KZ Stutthof was arrested to be tried for war crimes. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. Journey time by bus is about 80 minutes and costs 14.50z. View the list of all donors. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. There was no evidence to link him to specific killings, and though he admitted to serving at the camp, he said that he was unaware that people were being murdered there. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. Landmark trial Bruno D. came to the. Stutthof concentration camp Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the small town of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the Free City of Danzig. Support the channel by subscribing, liking, and sharing. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . Stutthof survivor: Entering Nazi camp meant a death sentence Getting to Stutthof. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. Former SS guard of Nazi camp, 92, to go on trial in Germany He added that his "work" had involved cleaning the crematorium, which meant loading bones and other burnt remains onto a cart to be thrown into a trench. In another cruel punishment - known as making sport - she ordered prisoners to strip before making them perform strenuous exercise in full view of other prisoners, before being beaten. The Stutthof concentration camp, like every Nazi concentration camp, was an institution for torturing, humiliating and murdering people, a death machine. All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. Stutthof | Holocaust Encyclopedia [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. The area was secluded: to the north was the Bay of Danzig, to the east the Vistula Bay, and to the west the Vistula River. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. Stutthof trials - Wikipedia Wow, Geocities links. Some prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as the German Equipment Works (DAW), located near the camp. Read about our approach to external linking. Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders Stutthof | Holocaust Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a network of forced-labor camps. At Auschwitz she would pick kids as pets, with one survivor recalling how she dressed one in fine clothing, parading it around like a puppet - only to send the child to the gas chamber when she got bored. Former farmworker Irma Grese had wanted to become a nurse but, at 17, the labour exchange sent her to work at Ravensbrck concentration camp - which held 132,000 women throughout the war. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Former secretary at Stutthof concentration camp sentenced to juvenile Your email address will not be published. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. When the Allies tried the perpetrators of the Holocaust after the end of the war, the public was surprised by the beastly behavior of female guards like Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, who often committed worse acts than their male counterparts. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. Sign up here. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Female Nazi guards tortured and killed thousands, beat naked women to In total, 23,566 Jews (including 21,817 women) were transferred to Stutthof from Auschwitz, and 25,053 (including 16,123 women) from camps in the Baltic states. Babysitter 'with black heart' filmed herself sexually abusing toddler before sending video to her paedophile lover, Piers Morgan slams 'disgusting' 500 parking charges for NHS staff as Grant Shapps admits 'something's gone wrong'. It was also surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fence and contained thirty new barracks, raising the total area to 1.2 square kilometres (0.46sqmi). Photo by Polish authorities (4 July 1946). Harry S: 96-year-old accused of being Nazi concentration camp guard [7], Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on 9 May 1945, rescuing about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide.[7]. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Standing at 6ft 3in, Hertha Botte was an imposing figure, who also stood out from other SS guards because she wore civilian clothing instead of the hated uniform. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. After evading capture for a few months, she was recognized and arrested in May 1945. Ten were sentenced to death. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. "Worst of all were the whips.". [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Former Nazi SS camp guard found guilty by German court - NBC News The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. Your email address will not be published. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. 99 - Usagineko5bai The trial lasted from March 18, 1946 to May 13, 1946. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. TheUntoldPast has the right to delete any comment with this content inside it and also ban the user from the channel. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. Female Nazi war criminals. Graphic! | Pro Death Penalty.com - ProBoards "Our group was marched out of Stutthof on 26 April. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. On one occasion, she selected 1,100 of 1,400 prisoners present to be sent to their deaths. I PROMISE. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Irmgard Furchner, a stenographer and typist for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp in modern-day Poland, was accused of being a key member of a death camp that murdered. Nazi secretary, 97, convicted for role in 10,000 murders at death camp Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. Feb. 5, 2021 Public prosecutors in Germany have indicted a 95-year-old woman for her role supporting the Nazi killing machinery as a secretary in a concentration camp, charging her with 10,000. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann | Military Wiki | Fandom Jenny-Wanda Barkmann - Europe Remembers Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? Others labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. But the few that took pleasure from the horrors within the walls of the camps proved the female of the species really can be deadlier than the male. [15], In 2021, Irmgard Furchner a German former concentration camp secretary and stenographer at Stutthof, where she worked for camp commandant Paul-Werner Hoppe,[16] was charged with 11,412 counts of accessory to murder and 18 additional counts of accessory to attempted murder,[17][18][19] On December 20, 2022 she was found guilty and sentenced to a suspended jail term of two years. Visiting Stutthof Death Camp from Gdask - In Your Pocket Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. A report by the Seventh Army, written by Lieutenant Colonel Walter J. Fellenz, mentions a total of 17 guards killed. When is Eurovision and how do you get tickets? [2], In 1953 the court in Gdask tried SS-man Bielawa (SS Rottenfhrer Paul Bielawa, a prisoner guard from the 3rd company in Stutthof between 194145)[1] and sentenced him to twelve years. Herta Bothe a camp guard, called "Sadist of Stutthof". Selection of monographs in PDF, Memorial to the Victims of the Stutthof Concentration Camp, Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w obozie koncentracyjnym Stutthof: liczba ofiar w wietle rde i bada: prba bilansu, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_concentration_camp&oldid=1141333869, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Matzkau in Makowy (now within city limits of Gdask), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:55. A 99-year-old who was being investigated on suspicion of complicity in murder as a former Nazi camp guard has died, ending the case against him, German prosecutors said Tuesday. 95-Year-Old Nazi Secretary Charged As Accessory In 10,000 Murders The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. Stutthof camp: Woman, 95, accused of aiding Nazi mass murder [14] In July 2020, he was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder by the Hamburg state court, and was also convicted of one count of accessory to attempted murder. Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. The camp staff consisted of SS guards and, after 1943, Ukrainian auxiliaries. [3] Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war. These were Johann Pauls, SS-Aufseherins Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, Ewa Paradies, Gerda Steinhoff. The 99-year-old was under investigation over suspected complicity in the murders that took place at the Ravensbrck Nazi concentration camp, where tens of thousands of women were killed. The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system in northern Poland began in January 1945. Entry Filed under: 20th Century,Capital Punishment,Concentration Camps,Death Penalty,Execution,Germany,Hanged,History,Mass Executions,Mature Content,Occupation and Colonialism,Poland,Public Executions,Russia,USSR,War Crimes,Women, Tags: 1946, bischofschugel, biskupia gorka, danzig, elisabeth becker, ewa paradies, fascism, franciszek szopinski, gdansk, gerda steinhoff, holocaust, jan breit, jenny wanda barkmann, johann pauls, joseph reiter, july 4, kapos, nazi, naziism, stolzenberg, stutthof, sztutowo, tadeus kopczynski, waclaw kozlowski, wanda klaff, world war ii. PD-Polish Public Domain. 1946: Eleven from the Stutthof concentration camp [1] When the Soviet army began its advance through German-occupied Estonia in July and August 1944, the camp staff of Klooga concentration camp evacuated the majority of the inmates by sea and sent them to Stutthof. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. The Stutthof concentration camp was the first to be established by the Nazi regime outside Germany's borders, and one of the last to be liberated. Nicknamed 'Beautiful Spectre', she was infamous for her brutal treatment of the prisoners. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. Required fields are marked *. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Forced labor in Nazi concentration camps - Wikipedia Washington, DC 20024-2126 "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. 99 . In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. (17.10.2019). Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. Set up immediately upon Germany's September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. The Holocaust Encyclopedia estimates that (less officially) some 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central Poland. It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Thanks, Max the link is fixed in the entry now as well. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. [17][3] Prisoners were also drowned in mud or clubbed to death. Former Stutthof SS guard Bruno Dey, now 93, is standing trial in Germany, charged as an accessory to the murder of 5,230 Jews from 1944 to 1945. . a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of complicity in the murder of more than 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp located in occupied Poland. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. Dave, Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Key and copyright. [40] On 20 December 2022 Furchner, then 97, was convicted of being an accessory to murder of more than 10,000 people at Stutthof concentration camp during World War II. [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. [23] The corpses used for this were not made from "harvested" bodies, and the byproduct of Spanner's work at the Danzig institute was collected. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . Originally, it was a civil prison camp for political enemies of the . Hitler shot his brains out in despair. [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on 4 July Former Nazi worker, 97, escapes jail sentence after conviction for The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences.
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